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Syrian brown bear
The Syrian brown bear (''Ursus arctos syriacus'') is a relatively small subspecies of brown bear native to the Middle East and the Caucasus.
== Distribution ==
Within the former Soviet Union, it occurs in Transcaucasia, notably in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkmenistan.〔''Mammals of the Soviet Union'' Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), V.G Heptner and N.P Naumov editors, Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 1998. ISBN 1-886106-81-9〕 However, a genetic study shows that all brown bears occurring in the Caucasus at least matrilineally are monophyletic and belong to Eurasian brown bear (''Ursus arctos arctos''). Outside the ex-USSR, it occurs in Iran, Iraq and Turkey.〔〔(The Mammals of Iraq ). (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-09-26.〕 It is extinct in Israel, Lebanon and, more recently, in Syria.〔(Genetic diversity of endangered brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa ). (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-09-26.〕
Like many large mammals, the Syrian brown bear population is declining due to habitat loss, and poaching. They are a popular target for big game hunters in the Middle East and in Asia.〔(Первый американский русскоязычный интернет-магазин товаров для охотников ). Russianbearhunt.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.〕 In addition, bear bile (ursodeoxycholic acid) is a valuable commodity because of its use in traditional Chinese medicine as an assumed cure for rheumatism, poor eyesight and gall stones.〔(GALL and the BILE inside ). Arktofile.net. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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